Some questions that came up:
3.) In the example diagram: If a 3" gun (4/8 range) on the broadside (hex "A") on the red ship is firing at the blue ship, it must target the side of the blue ship. Does it have to target the center hex "C" on the blue ship? Can it choose to shoot at hex "F"?
P 13 of the Lt. Manual "Count the range in hexes to the target, starting with the hex adjacent to the attacking ship’s hex where the firing weapons are located, and follow the shortest path to the target, including the target hex."
"Type 2 Ships (3-hex): Any side-mounted weapons are located in the center hex."
In each case of your example, you're taking extra turns that aren't needed. Hexes C and F on the Blue ship are both still part of the Port side. For the Red ship, the shortest path is from the center hex straight to hex B on the Blue ship, a distance of 3, still on the Port side. For the Blue ship, the shortest most direct path is from the center hex to hex E on the Blue ship, a distance of 4, also on the Port side.
As for 1 & 2, those are covered by statements not expressly listed in the Lt. Manual so I will let the appropriate people answer them. [edit: Or at least if they are, it's too early and I'm not finding them. haha]